World History
3.3 Japan Limits Western Contacts

Drill: Kowtow & Beijing
Kowtow: to give in
Beijing: China’s capital 

Objectives: Students will be able to summarize how powerful daimyo succeeded in unifying feudal Japan by researching Japanese society and culture during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Notes: 
1. Japanese feudal lords fought each other for over a century, but they eventually accepted the rule of a ruler or shogun.
2. Oda Nobunaga seized imperial capital and set out on a mission to eliminate rivals for power and ended the “warring states” period
3. Toyotomi Hideyoshi continued Nobunaga’s mission by combining brute force with political alliances, gained control over most of the country
4. Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated rivals
a.	used the “alternate attendance policy” to control the daimyo.  
b.	completed unification, and founded Tokugawa Shogunate in 1600
5. Tokugawa Shogunate  
a. brought about more than two centuries of stability, prosperity
b. monopolize profitable foreign trade; made Japan self-sufficient 
c. isolation closed Japan to European influences
6. Portuguese introduced many unfamiliar items from Europe, including  firearms which in turn changed samurai traditions and led to fortification of castles and eventually, the growth of cities and towns 
7. Christian missionaries at first, Japanese converts to Christianity; later, religious persecution and eventually the end of Christianity in Japan 
8.  Kabuki—drama performed by actors wearing elaborate costumes and musicians, dancers, and mimes—and the imagery of haiku poetry.
9. Under Japan’s new system of feudalism, the daimyo were warlords. 			
10. The Tokugawa Shogunate was a type of military government.			
11.  Haiku is a type of literature. 					
12. Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. 

World History
3.3 Japan Limits Western Contacts

1. a
2. c
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. a
7. a

BCR. The “closed country policy” largely closed off foreign access to Japan.
For more than 200 years, Japan existed as a self-sufficient country with only one
port (Nagasaki) remaining open to foreign (Dutch and Chinese) traders. Due to the repression of Christianity and persecution of Christians, Christianity was virtually eliminated in Japan.  All Japanese were required to demonstrate faithfulness to Buddhism.  Japan remained free from European attempts to colonize or to establish a presence in Japan. The Tokugawa Shogunate grew rich from its monopoly on foreign trade.

HISTORYMAKERS: Tokugawa Ieyasu
1. Tokugawa showed patience in his youth, as he moved from clan to clan as a hostage. He also showed patience in strengthening his political position and by not getting involved in the failures in Korea.  
2. No, Tokugawa acted dishonorably toward the son of Hideyoshi by breaking his word. 
3. This last act ensured that Tokugawa’s family would rule over Japan for many years and that there would not be any rival claims to the throne.

Summary: In today’s lesson, we summarized how powerful daimyos succeeded in unifying feudal Japan by researching Japanese society and culture during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Homework: Haiku & Buddhism 
Haiku is a type of literature. 					
Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual development

Name ______________________________________________________Date_____________
World History
3.3 Japan Limits Western Contacts

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the best answer.
______ 1. Under Japan’s new system of feudalism, the daimyo were
a. warlords. 					c. religious leaders.
b. emperors. 					d. peasant foot soldiers.
______ 2. The Tokugawa Shogunate was a type of
a. cultural institution.				b. religious authority.
c. military government.			d. commercial partnership or organization.
______ 3. Kabuki is a type of
a. music. 					c. poetry.
b. drama. 					D. religion.
______ 4. The leader whose rule ended the “warring states” period, even though he did not succeed in unifying Japan, was
a. Oda Nobunaga.				b. Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
c. Tokugawa Ieyasu.				d. Tokugawa Hidetada.
______ 5. Who, in 1600, finally completed the long process of unifying Japan?
a. Matsuo Basho				b. Oda Nobunaga
c. Tokugawa Ieyasu				d. Toyotomi Hideyoshi
______ 6. Haiku is a type of
a. literature. 					c. fortified castle.
b. ritual suicide. 				d. riddle in Zen Buddhism.
______ 7. Ieyasu Tokugawa used the “alternate attendance policy” to control the
a. daimyo. 					c. merchants.
b. peasants. 					d. foreign traders.
BCR. Critical Thinking Briefly answer the following 
What was the “closed country policy,” and how did it affect Japan?

HISTORYMAKERS Tokugawa Ieyasu  Patient Planner
“The traditional picture of Ieyasu is one of a crafty and grasping old man . . . On the contrary, self-control and a truly marvelous patience stamped his character from childhood.”—historians R. H. P. Mason and J. G. Caiger, A History of Japan (1973)
There is a story about the three men who, from the 1560s to the early 1600s, managed to unite Japan under one rule. The leaders are all discussing a caged bird that will not sing. Oda Nobunaga vows, “I’ll make it sing.” Toyotomi Hideyoshi threatens, “I’ll kill it if it doesn’t sing.” But Tokugawa Ieyasu has patience. “I’ll wait until it sings,” he says. Patience was not Ieyasu’s only virtue. 
He also possessed a first-rate mind, political insight, and superb military skill. Armed with these qualities, he finished the job that Nobunaga and Hideyoshi had begun. He placed all of Japan under one central authority—himself—and then passed that power on to others in his family.

Born in 1543, Ieyasu’s early life provided little evidence of his future greatness. His father was one of the daimyo, the landowners who controlled Japanese politics and society. He was not one of the major political forces in the country, though. He had to agree to give his son as a hostage, first to one clan and then to another, as proof of his loyalty to them. During this time, Ieyasu was educated by a Buddhist monk provided by his grandmother. From him he learned the finer points of military affairs and politics.
After the death of his father, Ieyasu returned home and took the leadership of his clan at the age of 13. Within two years, he proved his mettle at war. He led a successful attack on a fort and then defeated a force of soldiers that pursued him. During the course of his life, Ieyasu fought more than 45 battles. He won most of them and, in some of the most important, showed his skill by defeating armies much larger than his own. 
While still in his teens, Ieyasu established a strong political network. He made an alliance with Nobunaga, who was moving to unite Japan under his power. When that leader was assassinated,
Ieyasu made an alliance with his successor, Hideyoshi. The deal proved a significant one because Ieyasu gave up only traditional family lands. He won the right to establish his base in Edo, the area near modern Tokyo and home to the richest farmland in the country. For the next few years, he patiently strengthened his hand. 
First, Ieyasu settled himself and his followers in his new region. He built canals to drain the swamps in the area around Edo so he could build a fortress there. He lowered taxes and punished corrupt officials in order to win over the people. He also fortified  his own position by marrying his daughters and granddaughters to neighboring lords. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi twice attempted to invade Korea, but
Ieyasu avoided any involvement with those failures.
In 1598, just before Hideyoshi died, he won the promises of Ieyasu and four other major leaders to care for his young son until adulthood. However, Ieyasu ignored his promise and moved to seize power himself as soon as Hideyoshi passed away. In 1600, Ieyasu defeated his most powerful rival in a major battle and from then on had the allegiance of all the other daimyo. Three years later he was pro-claimed shogun, the military ruler of a united Japan. Two years after that, he retired in favor of his own son. However, the boy simply handled the administrative details of ruling the nation. Ieyasu ran the country from behind the scenes. 
During this time, Ieyasu implemented the same administrative system that he had tested earlier on his own lands. Late in his life, he took the final step to ensure a peaceful transfer of power. He master-minded the complete defeat of Hideyoshi’s son, now in his twenties. With this last victory, Ieyasu secured the end of any rival claims to his family’s power. Two years later, Tokugawa Ieyasu died. 

Questions
1. Making Inferences How did Ieyasu show patience?

2. Making Judgments Did Ieyasu always act honorably?  Give examples to support your answer.

3. Drawing Conclusions Why was it important for Ieyasu to remove any rival claims to the throne before he died? Explain.

In your own words, summarize today’s lesson.