China Rejects European Outreach 
3Section 2 Objectives
l1 To identify the successes of the early Ming emperors.
l2 To describe China and Korea under the Qing Dynasty.
l3 To describe daily life in Ming and Qing China.
LESSON PLAN 
pages 89–93
Section 2
C H A P T E R
A.Possible responses:
1. reformed agriculture, restored
civil service and Confucian
moral standards
2. increased rice production,
improved irrigation, introduced
fish farming and commercial
crops
3. to keep the influence of out-siders
to a minimum
4. led to smuggling, increase in
commerce and manufacturing,
introduction of Christianity and
European inventions
5. by preserving Chinese traditions
and Confucian beliefs and
restoring prosperity and safety
6. Art reflected technical skills,
rather than creativity; plays
depicted Chinese history and
heroes.
7. restricted trading to special ports
and demanded tribute and
“kowtow” rituals
8. The Dutch followed Chinese
rules while the British refused to
kowtow.
B. Possible response: Everything
about them was large—distances
covered, size of the fleet, and
the sizes of the ships. He suc-ceeded
in impressing the world
with the power and splendor of
Ming China. 

An Age of Exploration and Isolation 41
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
SECTION QUIZ China Rejects European Outreach
Section 2
A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term or name that matches the
description. A term may be used more than once or not at all.
a. Korea f. Hongwu k. Netherlands
b. Dutch g. Mongols l. Great Britain
c. Kangxi h. Manchus m. Qing Dynasty
d. Yonglo i. Zheng He n. Ming Dynasty
e. Chinese j. Qian-long
______ 1. This dynasty was founded in the late 1600s.
______ 2. The Qing Dynasty was founded by a member of this group.
______ 3. This son of peasants founded the Ming Dynasty.
______ 4. This dynasty included the rulers Kangxi and Qian-long.
______ 5. This dynasty ruled China following the end of Mongol rule.
______ 6. This nation was a vassal state of China during the Qing Dynasty.
______ 7. This Chinese ruler attempted to expand China’s tribute system by
sponsoring voyages of exploration.
______ 8. This Chinese ruler moved the Chinese capital to Beijing, where he
built the palace complex known as the Forbidden City.
______ 9. This nation’s trade representatives won the favor of Chinese emperors
by accepting restrictions on trade, paying tribute, and kowtowing.
______10. This Chinese Muslim explorer led seven voyages of exploration to
places such as Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and eastern Africa.
______11. This emperor ruled China for 60 years. He won popularity with the
people by reducing government expenses and cutting taxes and won
the support of the intellectuals by offering them government positions.
B. Critical Thinking Briefly answer the following question on the back of
this paper.
In a paragraph or two, describe some of the aspects of everyday life under
China’s Ming and Qing dynasties. Be sure to note some of the changes that
affected the Chinese people during this period.
CHAPTER
Chapter 3, Section 2
SECTION QUIZ
A.1. a
2. h
3. f
4. m
5. n
6. a
7. d
8. d
9. k
10. i
11. c
B. Possible answers:
a. Most Chinese were farmers.
b. Increased use of fertilizers
and irrigation increased rice
production.
c. Farmers began growing new
crops, introduced from newly
discovered lands.
d. The increase in the food sup-ply
improved nutrition and
diet.
e. Improvements in nutrition
and diet encouraged larger
families.
f. The Chinese population
increased dramatically and
rapidly.
g. Males were valued much
more highly than females.
h. Many female infants were
killed.
i. Men dominated households
and families.
j. Women worked in the home,
in the fields, and sometimes
outside of the home.
k. Women raised children and
managed the family’s finances.
l. Many Chinese women and
girls were crippled by foot
binding.
m. Drama was a popular form of
entertainment.

SKILLBUILDER PRACTICE Interpreting Graphs
One way to make statistical data easier to understand and interpret is to display
the figures in a graph. Line graphs, such as the one below, depict changes that
occur over time. Use the information in the graph to answer the questions that
follow. (See Skillbuilder Handbook, p. 1013.)
Section 2
CHAPTER
3
 3

1. What time period does this graph cover? ____________________________________________________
2. a. What is the projected size of China’s population in the year 2000? ______________________________
2. b. What is the population projection for the year 2020? __________________________________________
3. Compare this graph with the line graph on page 472 of your textbook.
3. a. What was the increase in China’s population between 1700 and 1800? ____________________________
3. b. What was their population increase between 1950 and 1990?
(Remember, 0.6 billion equals 600 million.) ________________________________________________
3. c. China added nearly four times more people between 1950 and 1990 than it did between
1700 and 1800. Why do you think the line for 1700 to 1800 is steeper than the line
for 1950 to 1990? ______________________________________________________________________
3. d. Based on the information presented in the two graphs, what conclusions can you
draw about population growth in China from 1650 to 2000? ____________________________________
4. You are an advisor to the Chinese government in the year 2000. Government officials
are trying to decide among three policies: trying to increase population growth, trying to increase food
production, and trying to limit population growth.
3. Which policy or policies would you recommend? Give reasons for your answer. ______________________

Chapter 3, Section 2
SKILLBUILDER PRACTICE
Possible responses:
1. 1950–2020
2. a. between 1.2 billion and 1.3
billion
b. over 1.4 billion
3. a. about 150 million
b. about 600 million
c. The graph in the textbook
uses about half an inch to repre-sent
50 years. The graph on the
Skillbuilder Practice Sheet uses
nearly 5 inches to represent the
same span of time. So the line
on the Skillbuilder Practice
graph would slope much more
gradually to show the same verti-cal
change in the same span of
time.
d. Since 1650, China’s popula-tion
has continuously increased
with a boom occurring from the
mid-1700s to the mid-1800s and
very rapid growth since 1950.
Population will continue to grow
rapidly into the next century.
4. Answers will vary. Trying to
increase food production and
trying to limit population growth
are both methods to deal with
the problem of feeding a much
larger population on a limited
amount of food-producing land.
Alternative 1 would only make
that problem worse.