World History
2.2 Patterns of Change: CulturalBlending

Drill: Ottoman Empire & Sultans 
Ottoman Empire started by Moslems in what is now called Turkey.
Sultans were the Moslem leaders or kings.

Objectives: Students will be able to explain how cultural blending results in new cultures after the rule of Suleiman by summarize the rise and fall of the Safavids.

Notes:
1. Shah Abbas  and the Safavids built a Shi’i Empire in Iran and rebuil Isfahan or Tehran.
2. Safavids religious origins and cultural legacy started with migration, trade, conquest, & pursuit of religious converts.
3. Isma’il help the Safavids rise to power by leading the military to victories that seized most of what is now Iran.
4, Persian title of shah means king.
5. The Shi’i or Shiite branch of Islam, claimed that they were descendants of Muhammad
6. Shiite affected the Islam religion by putting to death all who did not convert to Shi’ism 
7. caused conflict between Shi’i and Sunni Moslems that continues today 
8. Shah promoted cultural blending in his empire by establishing relations with Europe. 
9. One result was the demand for Persian carpets in Europe. Helped change carpet weaving from a local craft to a national industry

Odds & Ends
1. Isma’il was a shah, a Safavid, and a Shi’i Muslim.
2. Originally, the Safavids were members of an Islamic religious brotherhood
3. The Ottomans provided the model on which the Safavids based their government?
4. Sunni Muslims account for about 85 percent of the world's Muslims. 
A. believe the first caliphs/religious leaders, were the rightful successors of Mohammed 
B. The Taliban are fundamentalist Sunni Muslims.
5. Shiite Muslims account for 15 percent of the world's Muslims. 
A. dominant in Iran and are also the largest sect in Iraq. 
B. insist that true leaders of Islam must be descendants of Ali, the fourth caliph and Mohammed's son-in-law. 

 T E R 2

World History
2.2 Patterns of Change: CulturalBlending
1. c
2. d
3. d
4. a
5. c
6. c

BCR.  Shah Abbas reformed the military, punished political corruption and promoted competent officials and established a period of peace by ensuring that the military and important government officials were loyal to him. He established relations with nations in Europe and Asia, brought Chinese artisans to the Safavid Empire, rebuilt the capital city of Isfahan (Tehran) and decorated it with monumental buildings, gardens, and broad boulevards.
 
HISTORYMAKERS/Suleiman
1. As a boy he was given experience as a governor of two provinces.
2. He launched campaigns of conquest in order to provide an outlet for the energies of the janissaries.
3. We might say that he should be called the Magnificent because of the wealth he amassed and the great building projects he undertook in Istanbul. Others might say that the title of Lawgiver is more appropriate because the code of laws is what he is most renowned for, and it had the most impact on his subjects.
 CHAPTER 2
Summary: In today’s lesson, we were able to explain how cultural blending resulted in new cultures, examied the rule of Suleiman, and summarize the rise and fall of the Safavids.

Homework: Taliban & Shiites 
Taliban are fundamentalist Sunni Muslims.
Shiites insist that true leaders of Islam must be descendants of Ali, Mohammed's son-in-law. 

Name ___________________________________________Class___________Date_________
World History
2.2 Patterns of Change: CulturalBlending

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the best answer.
______ 1. All of the following contributed to the cultural blending that created
Ottoman culture EXCEPT
a. trade.
b. conquest.
c. migration.
d. the pursuit of religious converts.
______ 2. Originally, the Safavids were members of
a. the janissary forces.
b. the Ottoman Dynasty.
c. a powerful Turkish family.
d. an Islamic religious brotherhood.
______ 3. Isma’il was all of the following EXCEPT
a. a shah.
b. a Safavid.
c. a Shi’i Muslim.
d. an Anatolian Turk.
______ 4. Isma’il conquered most of what is now
a. Iran.
b. Iraq.
c. Egypt.
d. Turkey.
______ 5. Who rebuilt Isfahan?
a. Isma’il
b. Suleiman
c. Shah Abbas
d. Nadir Shah Afshar
______ 6. Who provided the model on which the Safavids based their government?
a. the Uzbek
b. the Chinese
c. the Ottomans
d. the “redheads”

BCR. Critical Thinking Briefly answer the following question: What did Shah Abbas do to bring on a golden age for the Safavid Empire?
CHAPTER 2

HISTORYMAKERS/Suleiman
Warrior, Man of Justice “I who am the sultan of sultans, the sovereign of sovereigns, the dispenser of crowns to the monarchs on the face of the earth . . . to thee who are Francis, king of the land of France.”—Suleiman, in the opening of a letter to Francis I of France
Suleiman the Magnificent greatly expanded the Ottoman Empire from its base in modern Turkey, and the same ruler—also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver—brought tight imperial control and fair laws 
HISTORYMAKERS/Suleiman….continued
to his realm. Furthermore, this sultan sponsored a growth in the arts that rivaled the European Renaissance. He ruled for 46 years and was perhaps the most accomplished leader of the 1500s. Suleiman was the son of Selim I, who ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Suleiman was an only son, which may have benefited him greatly. 
Under later sultans—including himself—the contest for power between the heirs often resulted in one or more of their deaths. Spared this infighting, Suleiman was prepared for the crown. As a boy, he was given the task of governing two provinces. When his father died, the 26-year-old Suleiman already had 16 years of experience in government. 
Suleiman quickly set out to increase the size of his kingdom. Ottoman military strength lay with the elite corps of soldiers called janissaries. These soldiers were recruited as young boys from conquered Christian territories and trained expressly for combat. Suleiman had to give the janissaries an outlet, so he turned these fierce troops on others. 
Suleiman’s conquests were many. He made Hungary a puppet state by defeating it and putting his own ruler on the throne. In 1522, he captured the Greek island of Rhodes, taking the strong castle of the Knights Hospitalers—the last Christian remnant of the Crusades in the eastern Mediterranean. Europeans were amazed by his treatment of the captives. The knights themselves were allowed to leave the island with their weapons, and the common citizens were spared any violence. 
However, in 1529 the Ottomans failed to capture Vienna, Austria, despite a long siege. Nevertheless, Suleiman later conquered lands from the Persian shahs to the east and won Egypt to the south. His navies took almost complete control of the Mediterranean Sea. These victories made the Ottoman Empire huge and wealthy. Suleiman received about $80 million a year in income. In contrast, the king of France had a yearly income of only about $1 million. With this wealth, Suleiman lived a life of luxury that helped earn for him his reputation as the Magnificent. However, Suleiman was most renowned as the Lawgiver. He gave an educated slave named Lutfi Pasa the task of compiling a new code of laws. It established standard penalties throughout the empire for such crimes as robbery and murder. It also sought to remove corruption from government and to ensure that local political officials rose on the basis of merit and not bribery. The sultan was a fair ruler. A Venetian once wrote that “provided he were well-informed, [Suleiman] did wrong to no one.” 
Suleiman took other steps to improve his peoples’ lives as well. He rebuilt the water systems at Mecca and Jerusalem, the two holy sites visited each year by large numbers of pilgrims. He enhanced the beauty of Istanbul by building palaces and mosques. His chief architect was Pasha Sinan, a Christian slave who was so skilled that he designed over 300 structures, including mosques, schools, hospitals, palaces, and other buildings. Many of the minarets, the slender towers attached to mosques, and domes seen in Istanbul today date from Suleiman’s time. In poetry, history, and science, Ottoman culture flourished as well. The geographer Piri Reis published books that contained maps with a current understanding of the known world. One of these showed the third voyage of Christopher Columbus, undertaken just two decades earlier.
Questions
1. Recognizing Facts and Details What kind of experience for becoming sultan did Suleiman have? 

2. Drawing Conclusions Why did Suleiman embark on new conquests?

3. Making Judgments Is “the Magnificent” or “the Lawgiver” a more appropriate name for Suleiman?

In your own words, summarize today’s lesson.