World History
1.4 The Reformation Continues

Drill: Indulgences & Heretic
Indulgences: pardons that release one from performing a penalty for sins
Heretic: one who is outside of the Church

Objectives:
Students will be able to explain how John Calvin’s Protestant teachings spread throughout northern and Western Europe by describing the beliefs of other reformers and the roles of women played in the Reformation.

Notes:
1. Predestination: one of the doctrines of Calvinism, a new Protestant religion developed during the Reformation
2. Calvinism: the religion based on Calvin’s teachings, which was adopted by reformers in France and other parts of Europe 
3. Catholic Reformation: a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself, which helped Catholics to remain loyal during the 1500s
4. Jesuits: members of the Society of Jesus, who began their work during the Reformation 
5. Council of Trent: meeting of leaders of the Catholic Church that reached agreement on several important doctrines as part of the Catholic Reformation

Odds & Ends
1. Many people that mankind is sinful by nature; only the elect are saved; 
2. Doctrine of predestination states that God has always known who the elect are
3. Some believe that government should be in the hands of religious leaders; morality should be rigidly regulated.
4. Presbyterianism was based on Calvinist ideas; each community church was governed by its members not priest.  
5. Anabaptists refused to fight in wars; they shared possessions. Only adults could decide to be baptized; church and state should be separate
6. Catholics founded and staffed schools throughout Europe, sent out missionaries to convert non -Christians, and sought to stop Protestantism from spreading.
7. Pope Paul III had a council of cardinals investigate abuses within the Church; he   approved the Jesuit order; he used the Inquisition to identify and punish heresy in papal territories; he convened the Council of Trent
8. Protestant churches flourished, religion no longer united Europe; as the Church’s power declined, kings and states gained power, paving the way for nation-states;.

World History
World History
1.4 The Reformation Continues

1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. d
Calvinism was based on a strict set of doctrines that created a structured, orderly society. Many people were willing to trade personal freedom for safety and life in what they saw as a moral society. The Renaissance had many benefits over life in medieval society, but it also had its insecurities.

The life in Geneva probably seemed safe and secure in contrast to life in many Renaissance cities. It gave order to the new faith that Luther created. Calvin taught his followers to enjoy the gifts of God.

GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 
1. The seven continents are North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica
2. The geographical formation that separates the Americas is the Isthmus of Panama. The Isthmus of Suez separates Asia from Africa
3. The Ural Mountains separate Asia from Europe
4. Most of the earth’s land mass lies north of the equator
5. A trip from Australia to Africa would cross the Indian Ocean

Summary: In today’s lesson we explained how John Calvin’s Protestant teachings spread throughout northern and Western Europe and we described the beliefs of other reformers and the roles of women played in the Reformation.

Homework:
Predestination: one of the doctrines of Calvinism, a new Protestant religion developed during the Reformation
Jesuits: religious order, who began their work during the Reformation 

Name ___________________________________________Class___________Date_________
World History
1.4 The Reformation Continues
A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the best answer.
______ 1. The followers of John Knox became known as
a. Amish.
b. Quakers.
c. Lutherans.
d. Presbyterians.
______ 2. Predestination was one of the main doctrines of
a. theocracy.
b. Calvinism.
c. Lutheranism.
d. the Catholic Reformation.
______ 3. The founder of the religious order known as the Jesuits was
a. Matthew Zell.
b. St. Bartholomew.
c. Ignatius of Loyola.
d. Marguerite of Navarre.
______ 4. Which group founded superb schools and trained missionaries?
a. the Jesuits
b. the Huguenots
c. the Anabaptists
d. the Presbyterians
______ 5. Which of the following was a doctrine agreed upon at the Council of
Trent?
a. Christians need only faith for salvation.
b. The Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final.
c. Priests cannot pardon sinners for committing sins.
d. The Bible is the only authority for guiding Christian life.
______ 6. Which group believed that only the baptism of adults was valid?
a. Jesuits
b. Anglicans
c. Calvinists
d. Anabaptists

B. Critical Thinking Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper. Although Calvinism was severely restrictive, many people admired the way of Geneva, where it controlled the society. Why do you think this was so?

1.4 GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 3 Recognizing Continents and Oceans
Complete knowledge of the features of the earth’s surface is only a few hundred years old. As recently as the 1300s, the Atlantic Ocean was a mysterious “Sea of Darkness” on a flat surface. The regions of the Arctic, Pacific, and Antarctic oceans were unknown. There were also great misconceptions about the world. For example, Europeans knew of the region of the Indian Ocean but thought it was a great salt lake surrounded by land. They assumed Asia could be reached from the west only by land. Today the earth is 
1.4 GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 3 Recognizing Continents and Oceans
completely mapped and classified. The largest units of Earth’s land are called continents. Except for the division between Europe and Asia, they are generally well defined. Two continents are islands, and isthmuses—narrow necks of land—clearly separate others. The oceans are merely names given to the largest sections of the body of salt water that covers 71 percent of the globe. Study the map below.

1.4 Geography Skills 
1. What are the seven continents? 

2. Which geographical formation separates the Americas? Separates Asia from Africa? 

3. What appears to divide Asia from Europe? 

4. Where is most of the earth’s land mass—north or south of the equator? 

5. A trip from Australia to Africa would cross which ocean?

In your own words summarize today’s lesson.