USHX: 3.4: Expanding West

DRILL: Abolition & Emancipation
Abolition—a complete end to   slavery.
Emancipation - freedom from slavery for all African Americans.

Students will be able to explain the concept of Manifest Destiny by evaluating the events that led the United States to claim new territories through war and treaties with other countries. 

Notes:
1. Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821. 
2. Shortly afterwards, Americans began settling in Texas. 
3. The settlers, however, did not obey Mexico’s laws. 
4. Mexico banned immigration and prohibited slaves from being brought into the state. 
5. Mexico sent troops to Texas to enforce its laws & the Texans fought back. 
6. The Texas Revolution had begun. 
7. Americans believed in manifest destiny, the idea that the United States was meant to expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

Odd & Ends
1. Tejanos were settlers of Spanish descent who lived in Texas.
2. The Mexican government sent troops to Texas to b. enforce Mexican laws.
3. The Texas army captured General Antonio López de Santa Anna at San Jacinto.
4. The journey along the Oregon Trail to the Pacific Northwest usually took settlers about six months.
5. The Mormon Trail was followed by pioneers who had been persecuted for their religious beliefs and practices.
6. The U.S.-Canada border and the ownership of Oregon were settled by a treaty with Britain.
7. Border disputes and the annexation of Texas by the United States led to the Mexican War.
8. The United States gained much of Mexico’s northern territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

USHX: 3.4: Expanding West

Review 3.4
1. c 			6. b
2. b 			7. d
3. c 			8. c
4. b 			9. a
5. a 			10. d

BCR 11. The Texans fought a revolution against Mexico. The Texans lost battles at the Alamo and at Goliad, but later won at San Jacinto. Mexico recognized Texas independence, and the Republic of Texas became an independent nation in 1836.	BCR 12. As settlers began to move west, their journey usually began in late spring and lasted about six months. It was often a difficult journey, as many people traveled in wagon trains, which crossed the northern Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains.

BCR 13. By the 1840s, most Americans believed in Manifest Destiny, the idea that the United States was meant to expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. In 1845 Congress voted to annex Texas from Mexico. In response, Mexico cut off diplomatic relations with the United States. President Polk ordered soldiers to Texas. After Mexican troops attacked U.S. soldiers, Congress declared war on Mexico.	

1. the Everglades; Lake Okeechobee 
2. In the north, including the Panhandle; in the west-central part of peninsular Florida
3. Fort Dade (1835), Ft. Mellon (1837), Ft. Jupiter (1838), Ft. Lauderdale (1842)
4. Fowltown (1817), Suwannee (1818) 
5. BCR. Many of the areas were swampy, making the movement of troops difficult. Tropical diseases could also have hindered the troops. Some Seminole might have hidden in the Everglades and other areas that were difficult to penetrate.

Summary: In today’s lesson we learned that Americans believed in Manifest Destiny. This was the idea that the United States was meant to expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

Homework: Manifest Destiny & Forty-Niners
Manifest Destiny – an idea that the U.S. was meant to expand across the continent 
Forty-Niners - In 1849, gold-seekers came to California during Gold Rush.

Name _______________________________________ Class _______________ Date _______

USHX 3.4 The Nation Expands  - Expanding West
MULTIPLE CHOICE  
______ 1. Tejanos were
a. Spanish diplomats stationed in Mexico.
b. residents of missions in California.
c. settlers of Spanish descent who lived in Texas.
d. American Indians who lived in Santa Fe.
______ 2. The Mexican government sent troops to Texas to 
a. protect the Mormons.
b. enforce Mexican laws.
c. search for gold.
d. establish the city of San Antonio.

______ 3. The Texas army captured General  Antonio López de Santa Anna at
a. the Alamo.
b. Goliad.
c. San Jacinto.
d. Gonzales.
______ 4. The journey along the Oregon Trail to the Pacific Northwest usually took settlers about 
a. three weeks.
b. six months.
c. one year.
d. two years.

______ 5. Which trail was followed by pioneers who had been persecuted for their  religious beliefs and practices?
a. Mormon Trail
b. Santa Fe Trail
c. California Trail
d. Oregon Trail	______ 6. Manifest destiny described 
a. prospectors’ feelings about the California Gold Rush.
b. Americans’ belief that the United States was meant to expand west to the Pacific  Ocean.
c. Mexicans’ understanding of their victory at the Alamo.
d. Mormons’ interpretation of the murder of Joseph Smith.
______ 7. The U.S.-Canada border and the ownership of Oregon were settled by
a. a war with Britain.
b. the Gadsden Purchase.
c. the Bear Flag Revolt.
d. a treaty with Britain.
______ 8. Border disputes and the annexation of Texas by the United States led to
a. the Texas Revolution.
b. the Bear Flag Revolt.
c. the Mexican War.
d. the War of 1812.
______ 9. The United States gained much of Mexico’s northern territory in the
a. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
b. Gadsden Purchase.
c. Adams-Onís Treaty.
d. Louisiana Purchase.
______10. The majority of the miners who sought gold in California
a. were Japanese immigrants.
b. had previous experience in prospecting for gold.
c. paid low prices for supplies.
d. never became wealthy	

BCR 11. What events led Texas to win its independence from Mexico?

BCR 12. What challenges did travelers face on the journey west?

BCR 13. What events led to the Mexican War, and what was its outcome?

USHX: 3.4: Expanding West

GEOGRAPHY ACTIVITIES
The Seminole Wars
Between 1817 and 1842, the United States fought two wars with the Seminoles of Florida. By the end of these wars, most of the Seminoles had been removed to Indian Territory in the present state of Oklahoma. The map below shows Florida and the sites of major battles during the Seminole Wars. Study the map, and then answer the questions that follow.
The Seminole Indians in Florida, 1740–1842

Geography Activities continued
1. What large swamp is located in southern Florida? What lake is located just to its north?

2. Generally speaking, in what part of Florida did the Seminole live from 1740 to 1822? Where did they live from 1822 to 1842?

3. What forts were scenes of battles? When did these battles take place?

4. What Seminole villages were scenes of battles? When did these battles take place?

5. BCR Consider the information shown on the map, and suggest why U.S. forces had trouble defeating the Seminole. How might some
Seminole have managed to avoid relocation after 1842?

In your own words summarize today’s lesson.