American Government    4.1 National and State PowersSECTION 4 
DRILL: Libel & Electoral College
Libel- to damage a person in writing
Electoral College - elects the president of the United States

LESSON OBJECTIVE
Student will be able to distinguish among the expressed, implied, and inherent powers of the federal government by comparing federal powers with state powers.

I. The Division of Powers 
A. The federal system divides government powers between national and state governments.
B. U.S. federalism has continued to change since its inception in 1787.
II. National Powers 
A. Expressed powers allow it to levy taxes, to coin money, to make war, to raise an army and navy, and to regulate interstate commerce.
B. The implied powers, in the elastic clause of the Constitution, are powers the national government requires to carry out the expressed powers.
C. The inherent powers of the national government are powers it exercises simply because it is a government.
III. The States and the Nation
A.	The reserved powers belong strictly to the states
B.	B. The supremacy clause makes the acts and treaties of the United States supreme; no state law may conflict with any national law.
C.	Both national and state governments exercise concurrent powers.
Odds & Ends
1. concurrent powers- powers that both national and state governments exercise independently
2. implied powers of the national government- the draft; nuclear power plant regulation; space program development
3. powers denied to the national government -taxing exports and interfering with the ability of the states to carry out their responsibilities
4. inherent powers of the national government- controlling immigration and establishing diplomatic relations
5. a rule for admitting new states to the Union  the power of Congress to examine and approve state constitutions
6. guarantees made to the states by the national government- a republican form of government, protection from invasion and domestic violence, and the duty to respect the territorial integrity of each state
7. enabling act- first step in the admission of a new state into
the Union 

American Government    4.1 National and State PowersS4 

Review
1. I 			6. E
2. F 			7. C
3. B 			8. D
4. G 			9. J
5. A 			10. H	11. Implied and inherent powers have strengthened the national government.
12. State powers balance the powers of the national government.
13. No. The Constitution spells out the conditions for admission of states.
14. Governors have no constitutional role in determining national policy. They may, however, lobby on issues.	

Historical Documents
1.. One possibility could be that Jefferson first principle he mentioned was the one that concerned him the most: “Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political;” because equal justice for all was a new and experimental idea.
2. Jefferson’s principles of equal justice for all; peace, commerce, and friendship with other nations; the right of free elections; a well-disciplined militia; the supremacy of civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense; freedom of the press and religion; the right of habeas corpus and trial by an impartial jury are still vitally important today.
3. Jefferson’s principles of “encouragement of agriculture” because in Jefferson’s time, agriculture was the leading industry; “the diffusion of information and the arraignment of all abuses at the bar of public reason” because today most information is dispersed swiftly and efficiently by media conglomerates, not government agencies are less important now than they were in Jefferson’s time. 

Summary: In today’s lesson we identified expressed, implied, and inherent powers of the federal government, and compared federal powers with state powers.

Homework: Implied Powers  & Supremacy Clause
Implied Powers: power of Congress that are not explicit or written in the Constitution
Supremacy Clause:  the powers & laws of Congress are above state constitutions & laws.

Name ____________________________________________Class ___________ Date______________

American Government  4.1 National and State PowersSECTION 4 
Use the information in your textbook to match these phrases about national and state powers. Write the letter of each correct answer in the blank next to each numbered item. Use the information in your textbook to explain the relationship of the states to the national government.

Column A
_____ 1. reserved powers
_____ 2. supremacy clause
_____ 3. concurrent powers
_____ 4. implied powers of the national
government
_____ 5. powers denied to the national
government
_____ 6. expressed powers of the national
government
_____ 7. inherent powers of the national
government
_____ 8. a rule for admitting new states to
the Union
_____ 9. guarantees made to the states by the
national government
_____ 10. enabling act

Column B
A. taxing exports and interfering with the ability of the states to carry out their responsibilities
B. powers that both national and state governments exercise independently
C. controlling immigration and establishing diplomatic relations
D. the power of Congress to examine and approve state constitutions
E. levying and collecting taxes; regulating interstate commerce
F. makes the acts and treaties of the United States superior to those of individual states
G. the draft; nuclear power plant regulation; space program development
H. first step in the admission of a new state into
the Union I. powers belonging strictly to the states 
J. a republican form of government, protection from invasion and domestic violence, and the duty to respect the territorial integrity of each state

11. How do implied and inherent powers affect the national government? 

12. Explain how the power of government is balanced under federalism. 

13. Should the existing states, not Congress or the president, have the power to impose certain conditions before a new state can be admitted to the Union? Explain your reasons

14. Should state governors have a larger role in determining national domestic policy? Explain.

Historical Documents and Speeches The Federal System & Thomas Jefferson,
First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1801
Friends and Fellow-Citizens:
Let us then with courage and confidence pursue our own Federal and Republican principles, our
attachment to union and representative governments. . . .About to enter, fellow-citizens, on the exercise of duties which comprehend everything dear and valuable to you, it is proper you should understand what I deem the essential principles of our Government, and consequently those which ought to shape its Administration. I will compress them within the narrowest compass they will bear, stating the general principle, but not all its limitations. 
Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religions or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the State
governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and
the surest bulwarks against anti-republican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government
in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous
care of the right of election by the people—a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped
by the sword of revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the
decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the
vital principle and immediate parent of despotism; a well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in
peace and for the first moments of war, till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over
the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened [sic]; the
honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture,
and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason; freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected. These principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our sages and blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment. 
They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by
which to try the services of those we trust; and should we wander from them in moments of error
or of alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace,
liberty, and safety. . . .

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions.
1. Which of Jefferson’s stated principles of government do you think he considered most important for his
time? Explain.

2. Which of Jefferson’s stated principles do you think are still vitally important today?

3. Which of Jefferson’s stated principles are less important now than they were in Jefferson’s time? Explain.
ACTIVITY 8

In your own words, summarize today’s lesson.